Chad’s President, Mahmat Idriss Deby, accused of consolidating power since his ascent in April 2021, faced controversy as millions voted in favor of a new constitution last week. Despite resistance from critics, the National Commission Charged with the Organisation of the Constitutional Referendum reported an 86% “yes” vote with a 64% turnout.
This referendum marks the second phase of a three-step process for Chad’s return to democratic rule following the death of long-term ruler Idriss Deby Itno in 2021. The new constitution, akin to its predecessor, maintains a unitary system in place since independence in 1960.
Opposition parties advocated for a boycott, advocating a federal system for decentralization. However, the referendum committee, dominated by Deby allies, limited options to a “yes” or “no” vote for a unitary constitution.
Despite the government’s inclusion of local governments in the new draft, critics argue it falls short. Remadji Hoinathy, a Chad-based expert, suggests the referendum process indicates an intention to prolong power.
Since seizing power, Deby promised a return to democracy in 18 months but extended the timeline to 24 months, raising concerns about his participation in the 2024 elections. Protests demanding elections in October 2022 were met with military force, resulting in casualties.
Economic development in Chad has not paralleled its lengthy governance by the Deby dynasty, with rising poverty and conflicts. Critics claim the predetermined outcome of the referendum aligns with Deby’s strategy to entrench autocratic rule.
France’s support for Deby, attributed to Chad’s strategic importance in regional security, contrasts with French criticism of coups in other Sahelian countries. Deby’s alignment with Paris distinguishes Chad as a key ally, receiving military and diplomatic support.
Geopolitically, Deby’s actions have repercussions, with Sudan accusing Chad of facilitating weapon transfers to paramilitary forces, exacerbating tensions and prompting diplomatic expulsions.
Deby’s support for Sudanese rebels against the Sudanese army raises concerns about post-war repercussions, potentially triggering conflict and instability in the already volatile region.
In summary, Chad’s constitutional referendum, perceived as a power play by Deby, and his geopolitical actions have ramifications for internal stability and regional dynamics, with implications for Chad’s role in the Sahel.
